The Working of Vagus Nerve Stimulation

The device used in vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is known as the Neurocybernetic Prosthesis System (NCP). It is popularly known as pacemaker for the brain. The device, which is quite similar to cardiac pacemaker, consists of a nerve stimulator electrode, connected to the vagal nerve, and a pulse generator.

The pulse generator, which acts as the battery for the pacemaker, passes a small current to the vagal nerve for about 30 seconds. The passing of current is repeated after every five minutes. Most pacemakers have a lifespan of 10 years. The passing of the current is done automatically. The patients rarely feel the stimulation. If there is a discomfort, the amount of current passed can be adjusted by the doctor. This is a very simple process and does not involve any kind of surgical procedure.

The pacemaker can also be turned off at any time in the doctor's office. The surgery to remove the pacemaker is also a simple procedure. While removing the pacemaker, the electrode is left behind and only the pulse generator is removed. This is because the removal of electrode can cause damage to the vagal nerve.

The FDA approved vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in July 2005 for depression patients. Researches are still on to improve the safety and efficiency of VNS. The treatment is also highly costly when compared to other known forms of treatment for depression.